Containerized Cargo Handling and Stowage. Principles and Procedures/Контейнерные грузовые операции и хранение. Принципы и процедуры

Издание на английском языке
The book is devoted to the impact of containerization on the freight transportation industry. She describes how since the first berthing of a container ship in Bremen in 1966, containerization has changed the approach to cargo handling, significantly reducing reloading time and simplifying processes. However, along with the benefits, the book also examines the problems that have arisen, such as organized crime, cargo damage due to improper packaging and insufficient security.
The authors emphasize the importance of professional cargo handling and proper packaging to prevent loss and damage. The book is intended for cargo specialists and offers recommendations based on the best practices in the industry, with the aim of improving the exchange of goods and protecting the marine environment. Despite the fact that it cannot cover all possible scenarios, the authors hope that the book will become a useful resource for preventing damage and loss of cargo.

Contents
Part I Development of Containerisation
1 The Development of Containerisation
1.1 Introduction to the Container Vessel
1.2 Container Ship Architecture and Design
1.2.1 All-Container Ships
1.2.2 Development of the ‘Hatch-Less Container Ship
1.2.3 Refrigerated and Reefer Ships
1.2.4 Container Passenger Ships
1.2.5 Feeder Container Ships
1.2.6 Ore Bulk Container Carrier
1.3 Container Flows
2 Positioning and Securing of Containers
2.1 General Stowage on Ships
2.2 General Securing Information
2.2.1 Securing in Vessel Holds by Cell Guides Alone
2.2.2 Securing Containers in Vessel Holds by Cell Guides and Pins
2.2.3 Securing Containers in the Vessel Hold by Conventional Securing and Stacked Stowage
2.2.4 Securing Containers in the Vessel Hold by Block Stowage and Stabilisation
2.2.5 Securing Containers on Deck Using Container Guides
2.2.6 Securing Containers on Deck Using Block Stowage Securing
2.2.7 Securing Containers on Deck Using Stacked Stowage Securing
2.3 Container Stowage Plans
2.4 Bay Plan
3 Responsibility for Container Packing and Cargo Insurance
3.1 Intermodal Carriage of Containers
3.1.1 Carriage by Road
3.1.2 Carriage by Railway
3.1.3 Carriage on Inland Waterways
3.1.4 Carriage by Sea
3.1.5 Transfer of Containers at Inland Terminals
3.2 Packing of Hazardous Materials
3.3 Container and Cargo Insurance
3.4 Container and Hull Insurance
3.5 Insurance Liabilities
3.5.1 Containers Provided by the Shipper
3.5.2 Containers Provided by the Carrier
Part II Causes of Damage and Loss During Transit
4 Damage and Loss During Transit Caused by Mechanical Stress
4.1 Examples of Inadequate Securing
4.2 Loss Prevention Through Training
4.3 Mechanical Stresses in Maritime Transport
4.3.1 Avoidable Shipping Stresses
4.3.2 Unavoidable Shipping Stresses
4.3.3 Static Mechanical Stresses
4.3.4 Stacking Crush Pressure
4.3.5 Dynamic Mechanical Stresses
5 Mechanical Stress During Transport
5.1 Mechanical Stresses During Maritime Transport
5.2 Mechanical Stresses During Inland Waterway Transport
5.3 Mechanical Stress in Land Transport
5.4 Mechanical Stresses During Railway Transportation
5.5 Mechanical Stress During Cargo Handling
6 Non-mechanical Stress During Transport
6.1 Climatic Stresses
6.2 Biotic Stresses
6.3 Chemical Stresses
Part III Container Design and Construction
7 Container Technical Aspects
7.1 Container Dimensions and Weights
7.2 Container Operational Markings
7.2.1 Stackability Markings
7.2.2 Height Markings
7.3 Optional Markings
7.4 Other Markings
7.5 Arrangement of Obligatory and Optional Markings
8 Container Design
8.1 Container Types
8.1.1 General Purpose Containers
8.1.2 Dry Bulk Containers
8.1.3 Special Dry Bulk Containers
8.1.4 Thermal Containers
8.1.5 Open-Top Containers
8.1.6 Half-Height/Open-Top Containers
8.1.7 Coil Containers
8.1.8 Tank Containers
8.1.9 Half-Height Tank Containers
9 Container Structural Testing Regimes
9.1 Racking Test
9.2 Container Maintenance and Oversight
9.3 Approved Continuous Examination Programme (ACEP)
9.4 Approval of New Containers by Design Type
10 Container Identification Systems and Marking
10.1 Container Size and Type Codes
10.1.1 Examples of Container Size and Type Coding Conventions
10.2 Marking of Containers Carrying Dangerous Cargo
Annex
Part IV Container Load Packing
11 Impact of Packaging and Packing Aids on Load Security
11.1 The Influence of Packaging Receptacles and Packaging Aids on Load Securing
12 Unitisation and Palletisation
12.1 Securing Goods in Packaging Receptacles
13 Marking of Goods
13.1 Labelling in Accordance with the Standards
13.2 Approved Marks and Labels
13.3 Meanings of the Pictorial Symbols According to DIN, ISO and IEC.
13.3.1 Keep Dry
13.3.2 ‘Protect from Heat’ and ‘Keep Out of Direct Sunlight
13.3.3 Do Not Use Hooks
13.3.4 Centre of Gravity
13.3.5 Top Heavy
13.3.6 Clamp Here
13.3.7 Sling Here
13.3.8 Fragile Goods
13.3.9 Keep Upright
13.3.10 Do Not Roll
13.3.11 Tear Off Here
13.3.12 No Hand Truck Here
13.3.13 Do Not Destroy Barrier
13.3.14 Electrostatic Sensitive Device
13.3.15 Permitted Temperature Range
13.3.16 Temperature-Controlled Load
13.3.17 Do Not Use Forklift
13.3.18 Safe to Use Forklift
13.3.19 Stacking Limitation
13.3.20 Protect from Heat and Radioactive Sources
13.3.21 Do Not Expose to Magnetic Fields
13.4 Tags and Detachable Labels
14 Packing and Stowing Methods
14.1 Preparatory Work
14.2 Selecting and Checking Container Conditions and Standards
14.3 Using Canvas Covers
14.4 Before Packing
14.5 Chassis Supports
14.6 Swap-Bodies
14.7 Driving into The Container
14.8 Stowage Planning
15 Segregation, Dunnage and Stowage
15.1 Using Segregating Materials
15.2 Dunnage
15.3 Basic Stowage Methods
16 Packing Safety and Prohibited Practices
16.1 On Completion of Packing
16.2 Final Work in the Door Area
Part V Container Load Securing
17 General Load Securing Methods
17.1 General Load Securing Methods
17.2 Achieving a Tight Fit Using Container Components and Special Components
17.3 Achieving a Tight Fit by Filling in Gaps
17.4 Achieving a Tight Fit by Bracing
17.5 Achieving a Tight Fit by Lashing
17.6 Friction Securing
17.7 Securing Against Tipping and Other Hazards
17.8 Securing by Nailing
18 Load Securing, Filling Materials and Use of Friction
18.1 Tie Down Lashing
18.2 Direct Lashing
18.3 Wood
18.4 Filling Materials and Airbags
18.5 Artificial Tight Fits
18.5.1 Gang Nails
18.5.2 Chocks
18.6 Friction and Friction Enhancing Mats
18.7 Calculating the Friction Coefficient For Bulk Cargo
18.8 Units of Measurement When Using the Transformed Formulas
18.9 Sliding Friction Coefficients
18.10 Factors Which Alter the Friction Coefficients.
18.11 Examples of Different Friction Enhancing Materials
19 Lashing Materials and Equipment
19.1 Natural Fibre and Manmade Material Ropes
19.2 Wire Clamps (Clips)
19.3 Anchor Shackles and Chain Shackles
19.4 Turnbuckles
19.4.1 Determining the Diameter of a Lashing Point: 20 mm
19.5 Pre-fabricated Lashing Belts
19.6 Packing Straps
19.7 Belt Tensioners
Glossary