Guide for Means of Access to Tanks and Holds for Inspection/Руководство по средствам доступа к резервуарам и трюмам для осмотра

Книга на английском языке
The ability to survey/inspect the condition of a vessel is a principal means to help verify that the vessel’sstructure is maintained to comply with applicable requirements. These surveys/inspections assist Owners;flag Administrations and classification societies in determining that vessels are free from damage and thatmaterial thickness are within established limits. For surveys/inspections to be carried out safely andeffectively, suitable means of access to the vessel’s structure is required.The most recent adoptions to IMO legislation (SOLAS Reg. II-1/3-6) have established new requirementsfor means of access. Throughout the life of a vessel, this access enables overall and close-up inspectionsand material thickness measurements of the vessel’s structures. These means of access may be used by Flag Administrations, classification societies, vessel personnel and others as necessary.

Contents
Section 1 Introduction
1 Introduction (1 April 2016)
2 Application
3 Scope (1 April 2016)
4 Terminology (1 April 2016)
5 Notations
5.1 PMA Notation (1 April 2016)
5.2 PMA+ Notation (1 April 2016)
6 Detailed Considerations for the PMA + Notation
6.1 Overview (1 April 2016)
6.2 Example of the Application of the PMA + Notation (1 April 2016)
6.3 Examples of PMA + Notation Opportunities
6.4 IMO Means of Access Requirements versus Ergonomic Practices (1 April 2016)
7 Documentation (1 April 2016)
7.1 Plans, Certifications, and Documentation
8 Surveys after Construction
9 Units of Measure (1 April 2016)
10 Alternatives (1 April 2016)
10.1 General
10.2 Other Regulations
10.3 Departures from Criteria
SECTION 2 Means of Access Requirements and Interpretations
1 Introduction
2 Associated Documentation (1 April 2016)
3 Overview of Means of Access Requirements
4 Specific Means of Access Requirements for Oil Tankers
4.1 Means of Access Requirements for Table 1/1.1 of MSC.158(78) for Oil Tankers (Tanks with a Height ) 6 m (19.5 ft) and Containing Internal Structures)
4.2 Means of Access Requirements for Table 1/1.1.1 of MSC.158(78) for Oil Tankers (Tanks with a Height ) 6 m (19.5 ft) and Containing Internal Structures) (1 April 2016)
4.3 Means of Access Requirements for Table 1/1.1.2 of MSC.158(78) for Oil Tankers (Tanks with a Height > 6 m (19.5 ft) and Containing Internal Structures) (1 April 2016)
4.4 Means of Access Requirements for Table 1/1.1.3 of MSC.158(78) for Oil Tankers (Tanks with a Height ) 6 m (19.5 ft) and Containing Internal Structures)
4.5 Means of Access Requirements for Table 1/1.1.4 of MSC.158(78) for Oil Tankers (Tanks with a Height ) 6 m (19.5 ft) and Containing Internal Structures) (1 April 2016)
4.6 Means of Access Requirements for Table 1/1.1.5 of MSC.158(78) for Oil Tankers (Tanks with a Height) 6 m (19.5 ft) and Containing Internal Structures) (1 April 2016)
4.7 Means of Access Requirements for Table 1/1.1.6 of MSC.158(78) for Oil Tankers (Tanks with a Height ) 6 m (19.5ft) and Containing Internal Structures)
4.8 Means of Access Requirements for Table 1/1.2 of MSC.158(78) for Oil Tankers (Tanks with a Height)6 m (19.5 ft))
4.9 Means of Access Requirements for Table 1/1.3 of MSC.158(78) for Oil Tankers (Fore Peak Tanks)
4.10 Means of Access Requirements for Table 1/1.3.1 of MSC.158(78) for Oil Tankers (Fore Peak Tanks)
4.11 Means of Access Requirements for Table 1/1.3.2 of MSC.158(78) for Oil Tankers (Fore Peak Tanks)
4.12 Means of Access Requirements for Table 1/ 2.1 of MSC.158(78) for Oil Tankers (Water Ballast Wing Tanks <= 5 m (16.5 ft) Width Forming Double Side Spaces and their Bilge Hopper Sections)
4.13 Means of Access Requirements for Table 1/2.1.1 of MSC.158(78) for Oil Tankers (Double Side Spaces < 5 m (16.5 ft) in Width Above the Upper Knuckle Point of the Bilge Hopper Sections) (1 April 2016)
4.14 Means of Access Requirements for Table 1/2.1.2 of MSC.158(78) for Oil Tankers (Continuous Longitudinal Means of Access)
4.15 Means of Access Requirements for Table 1/2.1.3 of MSC.158(78) for Oil Tankers (Continuous Longitudinal Means of Access)
4.16 Means of Access Requirements for Table 1/2.2 of MSC.158(78) for Oil Tankers (Access for Distances <= 6 m (19.5 ft) from the Tank Bottom to the Upper Knuckle Point) (1 April 2016)
4.17 Means of Access Requirements for Table 1/2.2.1 of MSC.158(78) for Oil Tankers (Continuous Longitudinal Means of Access) (1 April 2016)
4.18 Means of Access Requirements for Table 1/2.2.2 of MSC.158(78) for Oil Tankers (Continuous Longitudinal Means of Access) (1 April 2016)
4.19 Means of Access Requirements for Table 1/2.3 of MSC.158(78) for Oil Tankers (Access for Distances < 6 m (19.5 ft) from the Tank Bottom to the Upper Knuckle Point) (1 April 2016)
5 Specific Means of Access Requirements for Bulk Carriers
5.1 Means of Access Requirement for Table 2/1.1 of MSC.158(78) for Bulk Carriers (Cargo Holds – Access to Underdeck Structure) (1 April 2016)
5.2 Means of Access Requirement for Table 2/1.2 of MSC.158(78) for Bulk Carriers (Cargo Holds – Access to Underdeck Structures) (1 April 2016)
5.3 Means of Access Requirement for Table 2/1.3 of MSC.158(78) for Bulk Carriers (Cargo Holds – Access to Underdeck Structure)
5.4 Means of Access Requirement for Table 2/1.4 of MSC.158(78) for Bulk Carriers (Cargo Holds – Access to Underdeck Structure)
5.5 Means of Access Requirement for Table 2/1.5 of MSC.158(78) for Bulk Carriers (Cargo Holds – Access to Underdeck Structure) (1 April 2016)
5.6 Means of Access Requirement for Table 2/1.6 of MSC.158(78) for Bulk Carriers (Cargo Holds – Access to Vertical Structures) (1 April 2016)
5.7 Means of Access Requirement for Table 2/1.7 of MSC.158(78) for Bulk Carriers (Cargo Holds – Access to Vertical Structures)
5.8 Means of Access Requirement for Table 2/1.8 of MSC.158(78) for Bulk Carriers (Cargo Holds – Access to Vertical Structures) (1 April 2016)
5.9 Means of Access Requirement for Table 2/1.9 of MSC.158(78) for Bulk Carriers (Cargo Holds – Access to Vertical Structures)
5.10 Means of Access Requirement for Table 2/1.10 of MSC.158(78) for Bulk Carriers (Cargo Holds – Access to Vertical Structures) (1 April 2016)
5.11 Means of Access Requirement for Table 2/1.11 of MSC.158(78) for Bulk Carriers (Cargo Holds – Access to Vertical Structures)
5.12 Means of Access Requirement for Table 2/2.1 of MSC.158(78) for Bulk Carriers (Ballast Tanks – Top Side Tanks) (1 April 2016)
5.13 Means of Access Requirement for Table 2/2.2 of MSC.158(78) for Bulk Carriers (Ballast Tanks – Top Side Tanks)
5.14 Means of Access Requirement for Table 2/2.3 of MSC.158(78) for Bulk Carriers (Ballast Tanks – Top Side Tanks)
5.15 Means of Access Requirement for Table 2/2.4 of MSC.158(78) for Bulk Carriers (Ballast Tanks – Top Side Tanks)
5.16 Means of Access Requirement for Table 2/2.5 of MSC.158(78) for Bulk Carriers (Ballast Tanks – Bilge Hopper Tanks) (1 April 2016)
5.17 Means of Access Requirement for Table 2/2.5.1 of MSC.158(78) for Bulk Carriers (Ballast Tanks – Bilge Hopper Tanks)
5.18 Means of Access Requirement for Table 2/2.5.2 of MSC.158(78) for Bulk Carriers (Ballast Tanks – Bilge Hopper Tanks) (1 April 2016)
5.19 Means of Access Requirement for Table 2/2.5.3 of MSC.158(78) for Bulk Carriers (Ballast Tanks – Bilge Hopper Tanks) (1 April 2016)
5.20 Means of Access Requirement for Table 2/2.6 of MSC.158(78) for Bulk Carriers (Ballast Tanks – Bilge Hopper Tanks)
5.21 Means of Access Requirement for Table 2/2.7 of MSC.158(78) for Bulk Carriers (Ballast Tanks – Bilge Hopper Tanks)
5.22 Means of Access Requirement for Table 2/2.8 of MSC.158(78) for Bulk Carriers (Ballast Tanks – Bilge Hopper Tanks – Double-skin Side Tanks)
5.23 Means of Access Requirement for Table 2/2.9 of MSC.158(78) for Bulk Carriers (Ballast Tanks – Fore Peak Tanks)
5.24 Means of Access Requirement for Table 2/2.9.1 of MSC.158(78) for Bulk Carriers (Ballast Tanks – Fore Peak Tanks)
5.25 Means of Access Requirement for Table 2/2.9.2 of MSC.158(78) for Bulk Carriers (Ballast Tanks – Fore Peak Tanks)
Table 1 Application of Resolution MSC.158(78) Table 1 for Oil Tankers
Table 2 Application of Resolution MSC.158(78) Table 2 for Bulk Carriers
Figure 1 Access at Transverse Bulkhead on Stiffened Side of an Underdeck Structure for Ballast/Cargo Tanks >= 6 m (19.5 ft) in Height
Figure 2 Continuous Longitudinal Access on Each Side of the Tank of the Underdeck Structure for Ballast/Cargo Tanks >= 6 m (19.5 ft) in Height
Figure 3 Integrated Continuous Longitudinal Access of a Longitudinal Bulkhead of Cargo Tanks or Holds
Figure 4A Access for Cross-ties >= 6 m (19.5 ft) Above the Tank Bottom of Cargo Tanks or Holds
Figure 4B Access for Cross-ties >= 6 m (19.5 ft) Above the Tank Bottom of Cargo Tanks or Holds – Alternative Arrangement (1 April 2016)
Figure 5 Access Where the Vertical Distance Between the Horizontal Uppermost Stringer and Deck Hold is >= 6 m (19.5 ft)
Figure 6 Access for Bilge Hopper Sections Where the Vertical Distance from the Tank Bottom to the Upper Knuckle Point is >= 6 m (19.5 ft)
Figure 7 Access for Bilge Hopper Tank
Figure 8 Alternative Means of Access
Figure 9 Access for Vertical Distances < 6 m (19.5 ft) from the Tank Bottom to the Upper Knuckle Point
Figure 10 Access to Underdeck Structures >= 17 m (56.0 ft) in Height
Figure 11 Athwartship Access Fitted on the Transverse Bulkhead >= 17 m (56.0 ft) in Height
Figure 12 Bulk Carriers Having Transverse Bulkheads with Full Upper Stools >= 17 m (56.0 ft) in Height
Figure 13 Upper Topside Tank Access with a Height > 6 m (19.5 ft)
Figure 14 Transverse Web Access for Bulk Carriers
Figure 15 Bilge Hopper Tank Access with a Height >= 6 m (19.5 ft)
Figure 16 Access Ladder between the Longitudinal Continuous Means of Access and the Bottom of the Space
Figure 17 Alternate Bilge Hopper Tank Access with a Height >= 6 m (19.5 ft)
Figure 18 Access for Foremost and Aftmost Bilge Hopper Tanks
Section 3 Walkways, Ramps and Work Platforms
1 General
1.1 Design Loads (1 April 2016)
2 Walkways and Ramps (1 April 2016)
2.1 General Principles
2.2 Toeboards
2.3 Walkway and Ramp Design
3 Work Platforms
3.1 General Principles (1April 2016)
Figure 1 Toeboard Dimensions (1 April 2016)
Figure 2 Walkway and Ramp Design (1 April 2016)
Figure 3 Web Frame Walkways (1 April 2016)
Figure 4 Discontinuous Handrail where Top and Mid Rails are Connected + (April 2016)
Figure 5 Discontinuous Handrails where Top and Mid Rails are not Connected + (April 2016)
Figure 6 Work Platform Dimensions (1 April 2016)
Section 4 Vertical Ladders, Inclined Ladders and Handles
1 General (1 April 2016)
1.1 Design Loads
1.2 Use and Selection of Ladders
2 Vertical Ladders
2.1 General Principles (1 April 2016)
2.2 Vertical Ladder Design
2.3 Climber Safety Devices
2.4 Fall Protection from Secondary Fall Points (1 April 2016)
2.5 Individual Rung Ladders (1 April 2016)
3 Inclined Ladders (1 April 2016)
3.1 General
3.2 Inclined Ladder Design
3.3 Spiral Ladders
4 Handles
4.1 General (1 April 2016)
4.2 Handle Design/Placement
Table 1 Selection of Access Type (1 April 2016)
Table 2 Guardrail Requirements for Vertical Ladders without
Safety Cages or Climber Safety Rails/Cables (1 April 2016)
Table 3 Guardrail Requirements for Vertical Ladders with Safety
Cages and without Climber Safety Rails/Cables (1 April 2016)
Figure 1 Vertical Ladders (General Criteria) (1 April 2016)
Figure 2 Staggered Vertical Ladder (1 November 2016)
Figure 3 Vertical Ladders to Landings (Side Mount) + (1 April 2016)
Figure 4 Vertical Ladders to Landings (Ladder through Platform) + (1 April 2016)
Figure 5 Arrangement for Cage of Vertical Ladder (1 April 2016)
Figure 6 Cage of Vertical Ladder – Side View (1 April 2016)
Figure 7 Ladders with Climber Safety Rails or Cables (1 April 2016)
Figure 8 Front View of Guardrail Requirements for Vertical Ladders without Safety Cages or Climber Safety Rails/Cables (1 April 2016)
Figure 9 Side View of Guardrail Requirements for Vertical Ladders without Safety Cages or Climber Safety Rails/Cables (1 April 2016)
Figure 10 Front View of Guardrail Requirements for Vertical Ladders with Safety Cages and without Climber Safety Rails/Cables* (1 April 2016)
Figure 11 Individual Rung Ladder Design (1 April 2016)
Figure 12 Inclined Ladders (1 April 2016)
Figure 13 Inclined Ladders with Landings (1 April 2016)
Figure 14 Inclined Ladder Landing/Platform (1 April 2016)
Figure 15 Handle Dimensions (1 April 2016)
Figure 16 Handle Placement (Ladder not Extending Through Platform) + (1 April 2016)
Figure 17 Handle Placement (Stepping Through a Vertical Hatch) + (1 April 2016)
Figure 18 Handle Placement (Stepping to or from a Vertical Ladder) (1 April 2016)
Section 5 Hatches
1 General (1 April 2016)
2 General Principles (1 April 2016)
3 Hatch Design
4 Horizontal Hatch Access Near a Coaming (1 April 2016)
4.1 Horizontal Hatch Access through a Deck (for PMA + Notation)
Figure 1 Hatch Design (1 April 2016)
Figure 2 Hatch Design (Alternative Arrangement) (1 April 2016)
Figure 3 Access Hatch Heights of >= 900 mm (35.5 in.) (1 April 2016)
Figure 4 Horizontal Hatch Access through a Deck (1 April 2016)
Section 6 Alternative Means of Access
1 General
1.1 Definitions
2 Application
3 Associated Documentation
4 Guidance for Alternative Means of Access
4.1 Portable Ladders
4.2 Hydraulic Arm Vehicles
4.3 Wire Lift Platform
4.4 Portable Platforms
4.5 Scaffolding and Staging
4.6 Rafting
4.7 Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) (1 April 2016)
Appendix 1 References
Appendix 2 Acronyms and Abbreviations