Marine Fuels. Preventing Claims and Disputes/Судовое топливо. Предотвращение претензий и споров

Издание на английском языке
The deterioration in quality of marine fuel oils over recent decades, coupled with increasingly stringent environmental legislation, presents a real challenge for shipowners and operators. Disputes relating to marine fuel oils – commonly referred to as ‘bunker fuel’ or simply ‘bunkers’ – show no sign of abating and are increasingly complex.

Contents
1. Introduction
Purpose of this guide
2020 – a new era
Resolving disputes
2. Production and refining of marine fuels
Characteristics of crude oils
Refinery process
Marine fuel products
Biofuels
LNG as a marine fuel
3. Types and characteristics of marine fuels
Grades
Quality characteristics
Standards for marine fuels
LNG as a marine fuel
4. Purchasing marine fuels
Specifying the right fuel
Delivery contracts
Confirmation of stem
Supplier’s standard terms and conditions
Terms implied by law
Bunkers supplied by charterer
LNG as a marine fuel
5. Bunkering
Safe handling
General procedures and standards
Bunker checklist
Bunker delivery note
Letter of protest
LNG as a marine fuel
6. Quantity measurement
Methods of determining quantity
Mass flow meters
Bunker surveys
Fuel foul play
LNG as a marine fuel
7. Fuel sampling and testing
Sampling
Testing
LNG as a marine fuel
8. On-board storage and treatment
Fuel storage and transfer systems
Fuel treatment systems
LNG as a marine fuel
9. Environmental compliance
MARPOL Annex VI
Regional and national regulations
Fuel oil non-availability
Alternative technologies
Other emission-related pollutants
LNG as a marine fuel
10. Claims management and collecting evidence
Action in the event of a quality dispute
Action in the event of a quantity dispute
Impact on insurance
Appendices
I Recommended clauses
II Draft letters
III No lien provisions
Index