First aid manual/Пособие по первой помощи

Издание на английском языке
This publication, now in its revised 10th edition, is the authorised manual of the First Aid Societies – St John Ambulance, St Andrew’s First Aid and the British Red Cross. Together, they have endeavoured to ensure that this manual reflects the relevant guidance from informed authoritative sources, current at the time of publication. While the material contained here provides guidance on initial care and treatment, it must not be regarded as a substitute for medical advice.
The first three chapters provide background information to help you examine your role as a first aider, manage a situation safely and learn how to assess a sick or injured person effectively. Treatment for injuries and conditions is given in specific chapters that follow. Lifesaving treatment for an unresponsive casualty has an entire chapter. In other chapters, injuries and conditions are grouped either by body system, for example Respiratory Problems or by the type of injury, such as Wounds and Bleeding and Effects of Heat and Cold.

Contents
Introduction
1 Becoming a first aider
What is a first aider?
How to prepare yourself
Protection from infection
Dealing with a casualty
Requesting help
The use of medication
Remember your own needs
2 Managing an incident
Action at an emergency
Traffic incidents
Fires
Electrical incidents
Water incidents
Major incidents
3 Assessing a casualty
Assessing the sick or injured
Mechanisms of injury
Primary survey
Secondary survey
Head-to-toe examination
Monitoring vital signs
4 The unresponsive casualty
Breathing and circulation
Life-saving priorities
Unresponsive adult
Unresponsive child
Unresponsive infant
How to use an AED
5 Respiratory problems
The respiratory system
Hypoxia
Airway obstruction
Choking adult
Choking child
Choking infant
Hanging and strangulation
Inhalation of fumes
Drowning
Hyperventilation
Asthma
Croup
Penetrating chest wound
6 Wounds and bleeding
The heart and blood vessels
Bleeding and types of wound
Shock
Severe external bleeding
Internal bleeding
Impalement
Amputation
Crush injury
Cuts and grazes
Bruising
Blisters
Infected wound
Foreign object in a wound
Scalp and head wounds
Eye wound
Bleeding from the ear
Nosebleed
Knocked-out adult tooth
Bleeding from the mouth
Finger wound
Wound to the palm
Wound at a joint crease
Abdominal wound
Vaginal bleeding
Bleeding varicose vein
7 Bone, joint and muscle injuries
The skeleton
Bones, muscles and joints
Fractures
Dislocated joint
Strains and Sprains
The brain and nerves
Head injury
Facial injury
Lower jaw injury
Cheekbone and nose injury
Collar bone injury
Shoulder injury
Upper arm injury
Elbow injury
Forearm and wrist injuries
Hand and finger injuries
Rib injury
Pelvic injury
Back pain
Spinal injury
Hip and thigh injuries
Lower leg injuries
Knee injury
Ankle injury
Foot and toe injuries
Cramp
8 Effects of heat and cold
The skin
Assessing a burn
Severe burns and scalds
Minor burns and scalds
Burns to the airway
Electrical burn
Chemical burn
Chemical burn to the eye
Flash burn to the eye
Incapacitant spray exposure
Dehydration
Sunburn
Heat exhaustion
Heatstroke
Hypothermia
Frostbite
9 Foreign objects, poisoning, bites & stings
The sensory organs
Splinter
Embedded fish-hook
Swallowed foreign object
Foreign object in the eye
Foreign object in the ear
Foreign object in the nose
How poisons affect the body
Types of poison
Swallowed poisons
Drug poisoning
Alcohol poisoning
Animal and human bites
Insect sting
Tick bite
Other bites and stings
Snake bite
Stings from sea creatures
Marine puncture wound
10 Medical conditions
Angina
Heart attack
Stroke
Diabetes mellitus
Hyperglycaemia
Hypoglycaemia
Seizures in adults
Seizures in children
Fever
Meningitis
Fainting
Allergy
Anaphylactic shock
Headache
Migraine
Sore throat
Earache and toothache
Abdominal pain
Vomiting and diarrhoea
Childbirth
Emergency childbirth
11 Techniques and equipment
Removing clothing
Removing headgear
Casualty handling
First aid materials
Dressings
Cold compresses
Principles of bandaging
Roller bandages
Tubular gauze bandages
Triangular bandages
Reef knots
Hand and foot cover bandage
Arm sling
Elevation sling
Improvised slings
12 Emergency first aid
Action in an emergency
CPR for an adult
Chest-compression-only CPR
CPR for a child
CPR for an infant
Heart attack
Stroke
Choking adult
Choking child
Choking infant
Meningitis
Asthma
Anaphylactic shock
Severe external bleeding
Shock
Head injury
Spinal injury
Broken bones
Burns and scalds
Seizures in adults
Seizures in children
Swallowed poisons
Hypoglycaemia
First aid regulations
Index
Acknowledgments