Tugs and Tows - A Practical Safety and Operational Guide/Практическое руководство по буксировке

Издания на английском языке
The Shipowners’ Club provides P&I insurance for smaller and specialised vessels around the world, including those that engage in towage operations on a daily basis. It is whilst involved in this activity that incidents resulting in damage, injury or even death may occur. After an analysis of the claims notified to the Club over a two year period it was observed that 53% of all towage related claims were due to primary cause, "human factor", with the initial claim being attributable to poor maintenance, crew negligence, sub-standard navigation, as well as inadequate operational and safety procedures.
It is hoped, therefore, that training will assist in the avoidance or reduction of these incidents.
This booklet has been produced to assist in raising awareness of some of the practical aspects of a towage operation with a view to assisting mariners who may not be fully familiar with these processes.

Contents
Chapter 1. P&I Cover Applicable to this Operation
Chapter 2. Different Tug Types
Chapter 3. Responsibilities
Chapter 4. Manning and Training
Chapter 5. Safety Management
Chapter 6. Planning
- Tow plan
- Preparations on board tug
- Checks on board towed vessel or barge
- Planning for rough weather
- Passage planning and bridge equipment
- Navigation
- Emergency planning
Chapter 7. Stability
- Forces during towing in a horizontal plane
- Forces during towing in a vertical plane
- GZ stability lever
- Stability of towed unit
Chapter 8. Towing Operations
- Bollard pull
- Bollard pull calculation
- Pivot point
- Position of tug and interaction
- Girting, girding, tripping
- Gob wire/rope
- Emergency quick release systems for towline
- The effect of wind
- The effect of current
- Other concerns affecting manoeuvrability
- Length of towing line
- Shortening the length of the tow
- Establishing a tow connection
- Position of barges
- Towing alongside
- Pushing ahead
- Double tows/tandem tows
- Single wire under rider tows
- Two wire tows
- During the tow
- Inspections during the towage
Chapter 9. Loss of Tow Wire
- Emergency towline rigging
Chapter 10. Towing Equipment; Winches and Wires
- General
- Planned maintenance system
- Testing and certificates
- Towing winch
- Towing hook
- Bollards, fairleads and sheaves
- Towlines, wire and synthetic rope
- Shackles
- Towing bridle
- Ancillary equipment
- Navigation lights&shapes
- Safety factors
Chapter 11. Personal Injury Risks
Chapter 12. Communication
Chapter 13. Record Keeping
Chapter 14. Other Risks - Piracy
Annex I. Case Studies
Annex II. Acknowledgements and References